Prepare the Grain Foundation: In a medium saucepan, combine the rinsed hulled barley and 4 cups of water or broth. Bring to a boil over high heat. Once boiling, reduce the heat to low, cover, and let it simmer gently for 45-55 minutes, or until the barley is tender with a pleasant chew.
Caramelize the Vegetables: While the barley cooks, preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). On the large rimmed baking sheet, combine the diced zucchini, bell peppers, and red onion. Drizzle with 3 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil. Sprinkle with the baharat, smoked paprika, 21 teaspoon of kosher salt, and black pepper. Toss thoroughly to ensure every piece is coated. Spread the vegetables in a single, even layer and roast for 30-35 minutes, stirring halfway through, until tender and caramelized at the edges.
Toast the Aromatics: Place the raw pine nuts in a small, dry skillet over medium-low heat. Toast for 2-4 minutes, shaking the pan frequently, until they are golden brown and fragrant. Immediately remove them from the hot pan to a plate to prevent burning. Set aside.
Emulsify the Vinaigrette: In a small bowl or jar, whisk together the remaining 3 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil, the lemon zest and juice, minced garlic, and the remaining 21 teaspoon of kosher salt. Continue whisking until the vinaigrette is well combined.
Integrate the Core Ingredients: Once the barley is cooked, drain any excess liquid through a fine-mesh sieve and transfer the hot barley to a large mixing bowl. Add the roasted vegetables directly from the baking sheet, along with the rinsed and drained chickpeas. Toss gently to combine.
Assemble and Finish: Pour the prepared vinaigrette over the warm barley and vegetable mixture and toss until everything is evenly coated. Gently fold in the chopped fresh parsley, the toasted pine nuts, and the crumbled feta cheese. Serve the salad warm, at room temperature, or chilled.